UN Ocean Conference, Small Island and Archipelagic nations revisiting the spirit of Belgrade of 1961

 

Dayana da Silva è Senior Information Officer presso l'IFIMES Liaison di Bruxelles. Nel suo testo intitolato " UN Ocean Conference - Small Island and Arcipelagic Nations revisiting the spirit of Belgrade of 1961 ", sottolinea una nuova geografia morale della solidarietà, radicata nella scienza, nella sovranità e nella cooperazione non allineata, sia analogica che digitale, in occasione della Terza Conferenza ONU sugli Oceani (UNOC3) del 2025 a Nizza, in Francia.

Between honour and necessity is to address the 2025 UN Ocean Conference in Nice. It comes at brewing times of fragilities and re-alignments (when the new didn’t come and the old is questioned), when our global maritime community is confronting an unprecedented convergence of environmental vulnerability, geopolitical tension, and urgent developmental needs—particularly in the Global South.

The oceans are not simply blue frontiers. They are connective tissues of human civilization—lifelines for nations whose survival, identity, and continuity are shaped by their intimate proximity to the sea. Nowhere is this more palpable than among the small island developing states (SIDS), and the extensive coastline and archipelagic countries of the developing world.

These nations, despite their cultural wealth and ecological significance, exist today at a precarious confluence of political, socio-economic, culturo-demograpic, geomorphological and ecological fragility. Rising sea levels, eroding coastlines, disappearing freshwater lenses, increasingly frequent storm surges, and tectonic (man-made) instability are daily realities. Yet, alongside these physical threats, these nations also grapple with communications isolation, limited access to undersea data cables, sparse maritime infrastructure, and digital marginalization—all of which stymie their development and weaken their voice in multilateral fora.

Beyond the waves lies another invisible but equally powerful divide: the digital divide—manifested in limited access to oceanographic data, inadequate satellite coverage, and the absence of meaningful participation in global data governance frameworks. This exclusion undermines data sovereignty – as a part of other exclusive indigenous socio-political, economic and cultural rights spirited by the UN Charter, and risks relegating entire nations to the periphery of the emerging AI-driven world order.

As the international community rapidly integrates artificial intelligence and robotics into climate modelling, disaster preparedness, and marine resource management, it becomes vital to ensure that AI technologies are not imposed as top-down instruments of algorithmic hegemony, but rather developed in balance—ethically, equitably, and inclusively.

In this context, we must view data sovereignty not as a luxury, but as a necessity—particularly for nations whose future hinges on their ability to manage maritime resources, assert control over their economic zones, continental shelf and ridges, and participate in the digital blue economy.



It is here that we must revisit the foundational principles of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), eloquently articulated by thinkers such as prof. Anis H. Bajrektarevic, who has long emphasized the need for a truly inclusive multilateralism—anchored in dignity, balance, and the sovereign equality of nations. He reminds us that NAM was never merely a Cold War relic, but a permanent call for structural justice, long-searched gate to the Kantian harmony, a global platform for states striving to avoid entrapment in the rivalries of great powers —now including digital and technological empires.

Today, as we face the climate-ocean-AI emergency, the message of the Non-Aligned Movement is more relevant than ever. It must evolve from a geopolitical posture into a solidarity framework encompassing climate, oceans, data, and AI—enabling the most vulnerable nations to exert agency over all 5 declared spaces, over both their physical and digital sovereignty.

The International Institute for Middle-East and Balkan Studies (IFIMES) stands committed to this agenda. Through its forthcoming Global Academy for Geo-politico-Tech Futures (GPTF) and its ongoing flagship program "Understanding AI", IFIMES and its consortium of international partners (many of which come from the developing world) remains at the disposal for the Global South. These initiatives aim to democratize access to technological foresight, strengthen geopolitical literacy, and promote ethical AI-Robotics development tailored to the needs of developing and emerging economies.

Furthermore, IFIMES fully supports the efforts of the Group of 77, and continues to serve as a true European friend to the Global South—not in word alone, but through concrete programs of engagement, education, and empowerment. Back in Belgrade of 1961, 13 out of 25 founding members were island, archipelagic and costal states, while (less than two decades later) already in Habana of 1979 – the Movement got 93 members. Out of that number, over ¾ were the islands, archipelagic and costal nations (74 of them). No other multilateral system was so prone to these states in history as much as it was NAM. As to keep up this spirit of 1961 Belgrade and NAM, 

We call for:

• Decisive and impartial protection of UNCLOS universal regime;
• The protection of marine biota of warm and cold seas, and indigenous way of life of the costal groups, inducing the Arctic circle vulnerable groups;
• Enhanced South-South scientific cooperation on oceanographic, socio-political, and connectivity research;
• The development of inclusive economic – blue, socio-cultural and digital – strategies for all, particularly for the small-island, archipelagic and the extensive costal-line nations;
• Protection from overtourism and other forms of overexplotations (assistance in politico-diplomatic actions, research, trainings);
• The protection of undersea cables and marine communication routes as critical global commons but also calibrating it to maintain the environmental balance;
• The recognition of data sovereignty and algorithmic equity as pillars of ocean governance, including a globally balanced AI-Robotics ecosystem, reflective of diverse civilizational voices—not just dominant technological blocs;
• Right to (Digital) regret, and the right for analogue dignity/emancipation.

Let us remember: the oceans bind us in shared destiny, not just in shared danger. For the communities of the littoral world, justice is not an abstraction—it is measured in coastlines, in coral reefs, in connectivity and code, in de-acidification of relations and seas, in tides that do not wash homes or cultures—away.

This 2025 High Level Summit in Nice, therefore, must not only map the oceans—it must map a new moral geography of solidarity, rooted in science, sovereignty, and non-aligned cooperation—multi-spatial, analogue and digital alike.

As our professor says: “Harmony of the everlasting peace is our destination, but the journey is called NAM”!

Dayana da Silva

About the author:

Dayana da Silva, Brussels-based Communicology expert. Currently, she serves as the Senior Information officer, IFIMES Liaison Brussels.

The text is adaptation from the address delivered at the Third UN Ocean Conference (UNOC3) 2025  (Nice, France).

The views expressed in this article are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect IFIMES official position.

Footnote:
[1] IFIMES – International Institute for Middle East and Balkan Studies, based in Ljubljana, Slovenia, has Special Consultative status at ECOSOC/UN, New York, since 2018.
 

• Link (ENG): Analysis ● Dayana da Silva: UN Ocean Conference, Small Island and Archipelagic nations revisiting the spirit of Belgrade of 1961 https://www.ifimes.org/en/researches/un-ocean-conference-small-island-and-archipelagic-nations-revisiting-the-spirit-of-belgrade-of-1961/5536?

 

• Link (BSH): Analiza ● Dayana da Silva: Konferencija UN-a o okeanima, male ostrvske i arhipelaške nacije koje oživljavaju duh Beograda iz 1961. godine https://www.ifimes.org/ba/istrazivanja/konferencija-un-a-o-okeanima-male-ostrvske-i-arhipelaske-nacije-koje-ozivljavaju-duh-beograda-iz-1961-godine/5537?

 

• Link (SLO): Analiza ● Dayana da Silva: Konferenca OZN o oceanih 2025 ¬- majhni otoški in arhipelaški narodi obujajo duh Beograda iz leta 1961 https://www.ifimes.org/sl/raziskave/konferenca-ozn-o-oceanih-2025-majhni-otoski-in-arhipelaski-narodi-obujajo-duh-beograda-iz-leta-1961/5538?

 

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• Link (ENG): Analysis ● Martin Kreutner: Yalta 2.0 is crushing Helsinki – Multilateralism upside down https://www.ifimes.org/en/researches/yalta-20-is-crushing-helsinki-multilateralism-upside-down/5478?

 

• Link (ENG): Press release: IFIMES strongly defends journalists and media freedoms https://www.ifimes.org/en/press-releases/ifimes-strongly-defends-journalists-and-media-freedoms/5475?

 

• Link (BSH): Saopćenje za javnost: IFIMES snažno u odbrani novinara i medijskih sloboda https://www.ifimes.org/ba/saopstenja-za-javnost/ifimes-snazno-u-odbrani-novinara-i-medijskih-sloboda/5476?

 

• Link (SLO): Sporočilo za javnost: IFIMES odločno zagovarja novinarje in medijske svoboščine https://www.ifimes.org/sl/sporocila-za-javnost/ifimes-odlocno-zagovarja-novinarje-in-medijske-svoboscine/5477?

 

• Link (ENG): Analysis ●Steve Clemons: Fragmentation of Media Reality https://www.ifimes.org/en/researches/fragmentation-of-media-reality/5472?

 

• Link (BSH): Analiza ● Steve Clemons: Fragmentacija medijske stvarnosti https://www.ifimes.org/ba/istrazivanja/fragmentacija-medijske-stvarnosti/5473?

 

• Link (SLO): Analiza ● Steve Clemons: Fragmentacija medijske realnosti https://www.ifimes.org/sl/raziskave/fragmentacija-medijske-realnosti/5474?

 

• Link (ENG): Analysis ● Dr. Phar Kim Beng: Europe’s Real Chance is OSCE https://www.ifimes.org/en/researches/europes-real-chance-is-osce/5470?

 

• Link (BSH): Analiza ● Dr. Phar Kim Beng: Prava šansa Evrope je OSCE https://www.ifimes.org/ba/istrazivanja/prava-sansa-evrope-je-osce/5471?

 

• Link (ENG): Analysis ● Bosnia and Herzegovina 2025: Two US plans for the Balkans and BiH at odds with expansionist concepts? https://www.ifimes.org/en/researches/bosnia-and-herzegovina-2025-two-us-plans-for-the-balkans-and-bih-at-odds-with-expansionist-concepts/5464?

 

• Link (BSH): Analiza ● Bosna i Hercegovina 2025: Dva američka plana za Balkan i BiH ne podudaraju se s velikodržavnim konceptima? https://www.ifimes.org/ba/istrazivanja/bosna-i-hercegovina-2025-dva-americka-plana-za-balkan-i-bih-ne-podudaraju-se-s-velikodrzavnim-konceptima/5465?

 

• Link (SLO): Analiza ● Bosna in Hercegovina 2025: Dva ameriška načrta za Balkan in Bosno in Hercegovino se ne ujemata z velikodržavnimi koncepti? https://www.ifimes.org/sl/raziskave/bosna-in-hercegovina-2025-dva-ameriska-nacrta-za-balkan-in-bosno-in-hercegovino-se-ne-ujemata-z-velikodrzavnimi-koncepti/5466?

 

• Link (ENG): Analysis ● Dr. J. Scott Younger: Unpredictable days ahead https://www.ifimes.org/en/researches/unpredictable-days-ahead/5462?

 

• Link (BSH): Izlaganje ● Akademik prof. dr. Mirko Pejanović: Značaj Dana nezavisnosti Bosne i Hercegovine za razvoj njene državnosti u 21. stoljeću https://www.ifimes.org/ba/istrazivanja/znacaj-dana-nezavisnosti-bosne-i-hercegovine-za-razvoj-njene-drzavnosti-u-21-stoljecu/5461?

 

• Link (ENG): Press release ● The United States and Russia – guarantors of energy stability and peace in the 21st century https://www.ifimes.org/en/press-releases/the-united-states-and-russia-guarantors-of-energy-stability-and-peace-in-the-21st-century/5458?

 

• Link (BSH): Saopštenje za javnost: Sjedinjene države i Rusija – garanti energetske stabilnosti i mira u 21. veku https://www.ifimes.org/ba/saopstenja-za-javnost/sjedinjene-drzave-i-rusija-garanti-energetske-stabilnosti-i-mira-u-21-veku/5459?

 

• Link (SLO): Sporočilo za javnost: ZDA in Rusija – garanti energetske stabilnosti in miru v 21. stoletju https://www.ifimes.org/sl/sporocila-za-javnost/zda-in-rusija-garanti-energetske-stabilnosti-in-miru-v-21-stoletju/5460?

 

• Link: (ENG): Analysis ● Birgitta Dresp-Langley: Digital Technologies and Mental Health https://www.ifimes.org/en/researches/digital-technologies-and-mental-health/5457?

 

• Link (ENG): Analysis ● General (Rtd) Corneliu Pivariu: Syria – a larger Lebanon or a signal for major geopolitical changes in 2025? https://www.ifimes.org/en/researches/syria-a-larger-lebanon-or-a-signal-for-major-geopolitical-changes-in-2025/5456?

 

• Link (ENG): https://www.europeanperspectives.org/en International scientific journal "European Perspectives"

 

• Link (ENG): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=645V9eryieI&t=5s IFIMES presentation film