How Albania’s Deep Democratic Crisis Took Root: April 21, 2008, Still Shapes Today
W hat Albania is experiencing today is not merely a crisis of government. It is a crisis of a political system that, for years, has worked to concentrate power, restrict political competition, and distance citizens from decision-making. The roots of this crisis can be traced, in significant part, to 21 April 2008[ 2 ], when constitutional amendments adopted at the eleventh hour fundamentally altered the architecture of political representation in Albania. That day, it was not merely a matter of changing a few articles of the Constitution. The rules of the political game were changed. And when those who hold power are also in a position to rewrite the rules governing its exercise, the first question must be straightforward: who gained more power, and who lost the ability to hold that power in check? The answer leads us to a problem that has become increasingly difficult to ignore: the concentration of power in the hands of party leaders, the weakening of Parliament as an institution of ...