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How Albania’s Deep Democratic Crisis Took Root: April 21, 2008, Still Shapes Today

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W hat Albania is experiencing today is not merely a crisis of government. It is a crisis of a political system that, for years, has worked to concentrate power, restrict political competition, and distance citizens from decision-making. The roots of this crisis can be traced, in significant part, to 21 April 2008[ 2 ], when constitutional amendments adopted at the eleventh hour fundamentally altered the architecture of political representation in Albania. That day, it was not merely a matter of changing a few articles of the Constitution. The rules of the political game were changed. And when those who hold power are also in a position to rewrite the rules governing its exercise, the first question must be straightforward: who gained more power, and who lost the ability to hold that power in check? The answer leads us to a problem that has become increasingly difficult to ignore: the concentration of power in the hands of party leaders, the weakening of Parliament as an institution of ...

Local elections in Slovenia 2026: Ljubljana at the crossroads of political and business networks, organised crime and European standards

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  O n 15 November 2026, regular local elections will be held across Slovenia’s 212 municipalities . Citizens will cast their ballots for mayors and municipal council members, along with representatives of local, village and district communities in certain municipalities. Run-off elections for mayoral posts will follow on 29 November 2026. This year's elections also come against the backdrop of a major change to electoral legislation that has stripped third-country nationals with permanent residence in Slovenia of their right to vote in local elections – a right they had held since 2002. The legislative amendment affects some 104,000 adult third-country nationals permanently resident in Slovenia who would have been entitled to vote in local elections under the previous rules. Nationals of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia make up the largest groups affected. As of June 2026, Ljubljana alone had around 21,938 such potential voters. The change marks a substantial departure from the ...